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    Revisao criminal

    revisao criminal

    Quando se cabe uma revisão criminal?

    1 – Quando a condenação foi contrária a um texto de lei; 2 – Quando a condenação foi contrária a uma evidência dos autos; 3 – Quando a condenação foi fundada em uma prova falsa, 4 – Quando houver uma nova prova da inocência ou que beneficie o condenado de qualquer modo.

    Quais são os requisitos necessários da revisão criminal?

    A revisão criminal é um instrumento jurídico que tem como objetivo a revisão de uma decisão judicial transitada em julgado, ou seja, uma decisão da qual não cabe mais recurso. Este instrumento é uma garantia constitucional que visa corrigir eventuais injustiças ou erros judiciais em casos em que a decisão final tenha sido prejudicial ao réu.

    A revisão criminal é cabível em situações excepcionais, quando surgem novas provas ou fatos que podem alterar o julgamento já finalizado. Por exemplo, se surgirem provas de que o réu era inocente ou que a pena aplicada foi excessiva, é possível pedir a revisão da decisão. Importante destacar que a revisão criminal só pode ser requerida pelo réu ou por seus herdeiros e sempre em benefício do réu.

    Os requisitos para a revisão criminal estão previstos no Código de Processo Penal brasileiro, em seus artigos 621 a 631. Para que seja admitida, é necessário que:

    • a decisão tenha transitado em julgado;
    • tenham surgido fatos novos ou provas que possam alterar a decisão;
    • não tenha ocorrido prescrição;
    • a decisão tenha sido prejudicial ao réu.

    A revisão criminal é um importante mecanismo jurídico para corrigir erros judiciais e assegurar a justiça. Trata-se de um recurso extremo, destinado a casos em que a decisão judicial final possa ter sido injusta ou equivocada.

    O direito à revisão criminal é uma garantia constitucional que visa à efetivação do princípio da ampla defesa e do contraditório, assegurando que nenhuma pessoa seja injustamente condenada.

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    O que pode ser alegado na revisão criminal?

    As hipóteses em que se admite a revisão criminal são: sentença fundamentada em desconformidade ao texto expresso de lei ou contra a evidência dos autos; sentença fundada em provas falsas, quando surgirem novas provas de inocência do condenado ou circunstâncias que autorizem diminuição de pena.

    Quem tem direito a revisão criminal?

    A revisão criminal é uma ação penal constitutiva, que equivale à ação rescisória cível. Tem por finalidade a reparação de eventuais erros judiciários, estando prevista nos arts. 621 ao 631 do CPP. Poderá almejar a alteração da classificação do delito, a absolvição do acusado, a modificação da pena, a anulação do processo, entre outros. Tem por objeto a revisão do processo findo, ou seja, aquele que já terminou.

    A revisão criminal pro societate tem cabimento quando ocorrem erros in iudicando ou in procedendo em decisão de mérito absolutória transitada formalmente em julgado. Objetiva a desconstituição da sentença favorável ao acusado, proferida em desacordo com a lei e/ou com a verdade material dos fatos, em prejuízo da sociedade e da própria Justiça.

    Ela será admitida:

    Frisa-se que a revisão pro societate é vedada no Direito Brasileiro.

    Art. 622. A revisão poderá ser requerida em qualquer tempo, antes da extinção da pena ou após.

    Parágrafo único. Não será admissível a reiteração do pedido, salvo se fundado em novas provas.

    Art. 623. A revisão poderá ser pedida pelo próprio réu ou por procurador legalmente habilitado ou, no caso de morte do réu, pelo cônjuge, ascendente, descendente ou irmão.

    A previsão do art. 622 no tocante à expressão “em qualquer tempo” deve ser compreendida de forma abrangente. Ainda que o réu condenado faleça ou cumpra integralmente a pena, é cabível a revisão criminal, sendo seu direito ver reconhecido o erro do Poder Judiciário e pleitear indenização perante o Estado. Ademais, possível verificar, no parágrafo único do referido art., que a revisão criminal não é instrumento para reiteração de pedido, devendo apresentar novas provas se assim o fizer.

    No art. 623 está a legitimidade ativa da revisão criminal. O pedido poderá ser realizado pelo próprio réu ou seu advogado e, no caso de morte do condenado, por algum familiar (Cônjuge, Ascendente, Descendente ou Irmão – CADI). Com efeito, dispõe o art. 624 do Código de Processo Penal:

    Art. 624. As revisões criminais serão processadas e julgadas:

    1. pelo Supremo Tribunal Federal, quanto às condenações por ele proferidas;
    2. pelo Tribunal Federal de Recursos, Tribunais de Justiça ou de Alçada, nos demais casos.

    No Supremo Tribunal Federal e no Tribunal Federal de Recursos o processo e julgamento obedecerão ao que for estabelecido no respectivo regimento interno. Nos Tribunais de Justiça ou de Alçada, o julgamento será efetuado pelas câmaras ou turmas criminais, reunidas em sessão conjunta, quando houver mais de uma, e, no caso contrário, pelo tribunal pleno. Nos tribunais onde houver quatro ou mais câmaras ou turmas criminais, poderão ser constituídos dois ou mais grupos de câmaras ou turmas para o julgamento de revisão, obedecido o que for estabelecido no respectivo regimento interno. Frise-se que os Tribunais de Alçada não existem mais, vez que o texto do CPP é antigo, mas esse dispositivo se refere aos TJs e TRFs, que compõem a 2ª instância do judiciário. Ademais, é fundam.

    Qual o prazo da revisão criminal?

    1 – Quando a condenação foi contrária a um texto de lei; 2 – Quando a condenação foi contrária a uma evidência dos autos; 3 – Quando a condenação foi fundada em uma prova falsa, 4 – Quando houver uma nova prova da inocência ou que beneficie o condenado de qualquer modo.

    Como funciona a revisão criminal?

    A busca por justiça nem sempre acaba quando o processo chega ao fim, visto que, mesmo com uma condenação transitada em julgado podem ocorrer decisões equivocadas e injustiças. Diante dos fatos, o sentenciado tem o direito de ingressar em juízo numa ação de revisão criminal. Esteja o réu cumprindo pena, em fase de já cumprimento de pena ou com causa extintiva de punibilidade, a revisão criminal tem como finalidade corrigir a injustiça. Revisão criminal trata-se de uma ação penal de conhecimento constitutivo, onde se faz sujeita às condições da ação de procedibilidade impostas a toda ação criminal, como a possibilidade jurídica do pedido, legitimação ad causam e legítimo interesse. Segundo o CPP, art. 621, a revisão se faz presente nas seguintes hipóteses:

    • Há hipóteses legais de rescisão da coisa julgada penal não são taxativas. E são aplicáveis ao processo penal as hipóteses legais de rescisão previstas no art. 966 do CPC:
    • Além disso, as sentenças absolutórias impróprias, que se tratam daquelas que aplicam medida de insegurança ao inimputável ou semi imputável, devem ser revisadas.

    O autor terá a liberdade de propor a revisão para demonstrar a sua inocência e para atingir outro fim compatível com o tipo de sanção que foi imposta. Fale com um advogado especialista. Quando se trata da prescrição, parte da doutrina têm que somente na hipótese de prescrição da pretensão executória, não no caso de prescrição da pretensão punitiva, seria admissível a revisão. O prejuízo moral para o réu injustamente condenado é sempre dizer que ele não é inocente, mas sim culpado, pois foi assim que ele foi declarado pelo juízo competente. Se a causa extintiva for decretada antes da sentença, a rescisória será incabível. É importante frisar que as decisões do tribunal do júri, apesar de serem protegidas pela soberania dos veredictos, são passíveis de revisão. A revisão criminal é regulamentada através dos artigos 621-631 do Código de Processo Penal. No processo, deverá ser feito um requerimento com a certidão de haver transitado em julgado a sentença condenatória, com peças que comprovem os fatos arguidos. Este requerimento será distribuído a um relator e a um revisor, onde o relator será integrante do tribunal que não tenha pronunciado decisão em alguma das fases do processo, determinando que se juntem aos autos originais se não existir dificuldade para executar normalmente a sentença. Assim que o recurso por petição for interposto, independentemente do termo, o relator terá de apresentar o processo em mesa para julgamento, relatando sem se tornar parte da discussão. Se o requerimento não for deferido in limine, ou seja, desde o início, a vista dos autos ao procurador geral será aberta, dando parecer em 10 dias, seguido dos examinados os autos, de forma sucessiva ao relator e ao revisor, também com 10 dias de prazo. Após esse procedimento, o pedido na sessão que o presidente designar será julgado. E, por fim, assim que o precedente for julgado a revisão, o Tribunal poderá alterar a.

    Quando não cabe revisão criminal?

    Mesmo que a decisão haja contrariado a jurisprudência dominante ou a doutrina majoritária, não é considerada cabível a revisão criminal, que exige a demonstração da ocorrência de um erro na sentença passada em julgamento.

    Quem pode entrar com revisão criminal?

    A revisão criminal poderá ser pedida pelo próprio réu ou por procurador legalmente habilitado ou, no caso de morte do réu, pelo cônjuge, ascendente, descendente ou irmão.

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