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    Responsabilidade civil da empresa

    responsabilidade civil da empresa

    O que é responsabilidade civil empresa?

    Se a responsabilidade civil consiste na aplicação de medidas que obrigam a empresa a reparar danos decorrentes de seus produtos, serviços ou instalações, mesmo que não haja uma comprovação de sua culpa, percebemos um fator diferenciado na legislação ao criá-la.

    Quais os 4 elementos da responsabilidade civil?

    Em regra geral a responsabilidade é subjetiva, devendo assim estar presente os quatro elementos citados, sendo eles: a Conduta; o Dano; a Culpa e o Nexo Causal.

    Qual é a responsabilidade civil do empregador?

    Além de ser constitucional, é de bom senso que todo empregador garanta um ambiente de trabalho seguro e apropriado para o desenvolvimento das atividades profissionais dos trabalhadores. Mas qual é a responsabilidade civil da empresa perante sua equipe?

    Embora acidentes sejam eventos imprevisíveis e desagradáveis, eles infelizmente podem acontecer.

    É nesse sentido que entra a importância de se conhecer qual a responsabilidade civil do empregador caso ocorra um acidente em suas instalações ou durante a atividade profissional da sua equipe. Isso porque a sua empresa pode ser responsabilizada por arcar com despesas e prejuízos causados ao colaborador. No decorrer deste artigo, falaremos mais a fundo sobre os tipos de responsabilidade civil do empregador e suas diferenças. Vamos lá?

    A Constituição Federal estabelece, em seu artigo 7º, trinta e dois incisos falando apenas dos direitos dos trabalhadores.

    Dentre eles, podemos citar como obrigação do empregador:

    “oferecer um ambiente adequado, seguro e salutar de trabalho, com níveis de ruídos equilibrados, boas condições de temperatura, equipamentos de proteção, entre outros aspectos que garantam a proteção dos colaboradores da empresa durante suas atividades profissionais.”

    Como consequência direta dessa obrigação, uma empresa é responsável pelos danos ou prejuízos que seus colaboradores sofrerem enquanto estiverem desempenhando suas atividades profissionais ou em razão dessas atividades.

    Mas falar se essa responsabilidade do empregador é objetiva (sem precisar comprovar a culpa) ou subjetiva (necessária a comprovação da culpa) não é uma tarefa assim tão fácil.

    No direito brasileiro há quem defenda a ideia de que a responsabilidade civil do empregador, ou seja, sua obrigação de indenizar seu colaborador caso algo aconteça com ele durante as suas atividades profissionais ou em decorrência delas é objetiva, não dependendo de comprovação de culpa por parte do empregador.

    Mesmo assim, é preciso checar se os danos sofridos se encaixam nos requisitos legais para haver a obrigatoriedade dessa indenização e, ainda, identificar a relação causal entre a ação do empregador e os prejuízos causados ao empregado.

    Outra linha de doutrinadores defende que a responsabilidade é subjetiva, com base na Constituição Federal, que cita em seu artigo 7º, inciso XXVIII, a necessidade do dolo e culpa do empregador nos acidentes de trabalho, ressalvadas algumas exceções.

    Na maioria das vezes, os tribunais têm entendido que é necessário, sim, demonstrar a culpa da empresa para a configuração de sua responsabilidade civil em casos de acidente de trabalho ou doença ocupacional.

    Mas, veja que interessante, existem exceções!

    Em alguns casos a empresa responderá de forma objetiva, sem que seja necessário provar sua culpa.

    E quais seriam esses casos?

    Nas atividades de risco ou quando a atividade implicar, por sua natureza, riscos para o empregado!

    Para visualizarmos melhor esse exemplo, pense em um eletricista. Não há dúvidas de que o eletr.

    Quais os 3 elementos da responsabilidade civil?

    Desta forma, são listados os elementos da Responsabilidade Civil; a “ação”, o “dano”, o “nexo de causalidade” e a “culpa” (que em alguns casos pode ser irrelevante para se existir a responsabilidade civil, como será analisado posteriormente).

    O que é responsabilidade civil de uma empresa?

    Se a responsabilidade civil consiste na aplicação de medidas que obrigam a empresa a reparar danos decorrentes de seus produtos, serviços ou instalações, mesmo que não haja uma comprovação de sua culpa, percebemos um fator diferenciado na legislação ao criá-la.

    Por que os artigos 186 e 927 do Código Civil são importantes para a responsabilidade civil?

    186 determina que aquele que, por ação ou omissão voluntária, negligência ou imprudência, violar direito e causar dano a outrem, ainda que exclusivamente moral, comete ato ilícito. O Art. 927 positiva que aquele que, por ato ilícito (arts. 186 e 187), causar dano a outrem, fica obrigado a repará-lo.

    O que diz o artigo 187 do Código Civil?

    “Art. 187. Também comete ato ilícito o titular de um direito que, ao exercê-lo, excede manifestamente os limites impostos pelo seu fim econômico ou social, pela boa-fé ou pelos bons costumes.

    Qual artigo fala sobre responsabilidade civil?

    Tema criado em 11/8/2022. Constituição Federal

    Art. 37. A administração pública direta e indireta de qualquer dos Poderes da União, dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios obedecerá aos princípios de legalidade, impessoalidade, moralidade, publicidade e eficiência e, também, ao seguinte: (…)

    6º As pessoas jurídicas de direito público e as de direito privado prestadoras de serviços públicos responderão pelos danos que seus agentes, nessa qualidade, causarem a terceiros, assegurado o direito de regresso contra o responsável nos casos de dolo ou culpa.

    Responsabilidade civil do Estado por erro médico – sequelas graves e irreversíveis em recém-nascido durante o parto – comprovação do nexo causal entre a conduta estatal e o dano sofrido

    1. A responsabilidade civil do Estado por erro médico, caracterizado como conduta por omissão, pressupõe a existência de nexo de causalidade entre o dever do Estado de agir e o dano sofrido pelo indivíduo. (…)
    2. No caso, consoante descrito nos laudos periciais juntados aos autos, o feto nasceu em péssimas condições vitais (morte aparente), necessitando de estimulação tátil, intubação orotraqueal, aspiração de secreção das vias aéreas superiores e ventilação mecânica, apresentando convulsões e infecção generalizada, tendo sido internado em leito de UTI com grave quadro clínico em decorrência de Sofrimento Fetal Agudo, Asfixia Perinatal Grave, Síndrome Hipóxico-Isquêmica e Síndrome Convulsiva e permanecido internado na UTI por quase nove meses. Em decorrência de tais complicações, evoluiu com encefalopatia crônica – Paralisia Cerebral – apresentando graves sequelas neurológicas irreversíveis (tetraparesia espástica) com dependência total de terceiros para sua sobrevivência e acompanhamento médico especializado e contínuo.
    3. O laudo do perito judicial e a nota técnica do Ministério Público concluíram que as lesões graves e irreversíveis que acometem o menor decorreram de imperícia grave da equipe médica que realizou o parto, estando, portanto, comprovado o nexo de causalidade entre a conduta estatal e os danos suportados pelos Autores (menor e genitores), sendo cabível a indenização por danos morais.

    Acórdão 1435982, 07084523420208070018, Relator: Robson Teixeira de Freitas, 8ª Turma Cível, data de julgamento: 5/7/2022, publicado no PJe: 18/7/2022.

    Responsabilidade civil do Estado – implante de dispositivo contraceptivo Essure – dano moral configurado

    1. A responsabilidade civil do Estado é objetiva, na forma do artigo 37, §6º, da Constituição Federal, aplicando-se a teoria do risco administrativo, através da qual exsurge a obrigação estatal de indenizar sempre que vier a causar prejuízo a terceiros, sendo imperiosa, para este fim, a comprovação do dano e do nexo causal. (…)
    2. A partir do Laudo Pericial produzido em juízo, restou comprovada a violação ao direito à saúde e à integridade física e psíquica da autora, em face da lacuna no dever do Estado em lhe prestar informações e lhe oferecer tratamento.
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