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    Licenciamento ambiental no agronegocio

    licenciamento ambiental no agronegocio

    Quais os três tipos de licenciamento ambiental?

    Uma pesquisa rápida nos buscadores indica o quanto há dúvidas sobre os tipos de licença ambiental e como obtê-las. Esse tema é muito importante para as empresas desde a concepção do negócio até sua operação. Então, vamos entender melhor esse assunto e esclarecer as dúvidas.

    O licenciamento ambiental é o procedimento que permite e acompanha a implantação e operação de atividades que empregam recursos naturais. Por isso, construção, instalação, ampliação e funcionamento de estabelecimentos e atividades utilizadores de recursos ambientais, efetiva ou potencialmente poluidores ou capazes, sob qualquer forma, de causar degradação ambiental dependerão de prévio licenciamento ambiental.

    Tal procedimento é emitido pelo poder público, por meio de seus órgãos ambientais. Dessa maneira, os empreendedores precisam requerer o licenciamento junto aos órgãos competentes, cumprindo todas as etapas, desde o planejamento até a efetiva instalação e operação das atividades.

    O licenciamento ambiental estabelece prazos de validade, regras, condições restrições e medidas de controle ambiental junto ao órgão ambiental responsável. Nesse sentido, o empreendedor, ao requerer e obter as licenças necessárias assume compromissos de manutenção da qualidade ambiental do local em que se instala.

    Dessa maneira, é por meio do correto licenciamento ambiental que se possibilita aos órgãos e demais setores da sociedade conciliar o desenvolvimento econômico com o uso sustentável dos recursos naturais a fim de garantir a sustentabilidade do meio ambiente, nos seus aspectos físicos, socioculturais e econômicos.

    No Brasil, há três tipos de licenças ambientais: licença prévia (LP), licença de instalação (LI) e licença de operação (LO). Cada uma possui critérios específicos para adequação e concessão.

    O Decreto 99.274/90 e a Resolução 237/97 do CONAMA são normativas fundamentais relacionadas ao licenciamento ambiental.

    Esse Decreto 99.274/90 regulamenta a Lei 6938/81, que dispõe em seu Art. 19 os tipos de licenças que serão expedidas pelos órgãos ambientais. E, no mesmo sentido, Resolução 237/97, em seu Art. 8º, indica as mesmas três licenças que são expedidas pelo Poder Público. São elas:

    • Licença Prévia (LP)
    • Licença de Instalação (LI)
    • Licença de Operação (LO)

    Os nomes, por si só, já são bom indicativo do que cada uma trata. Contudo vamos seguir para o entendimento completo desse tema fundamental para a gestão dos negócios.

    A Licença Prévia (LP) é a primeira etapa do licenciamento. Apenas de posse dela uma empresa poderá iniciar suas atividades. Por esse motivo, ela é concedida na etapa de planejamento do empreendimento.

    O órgão licenciador avalia desde a localização até a concepção do negócio, atestando a sua viabilidade ambiental e estabelece os requisitos básicos para as próximas fases. Sendo assim, a LP só é concedida depois de cumpridos todos os requisitos estabelecidos.

    Para melhor entender, podemos avaliar a seguinte situação: O órgão licenciador precisa definir se a localização do empreendimento está em conformidade com o Zoneamento Municipal. Para tanto, ele poderá…

    Quais são as principais leis ambientais relativas ao agronegócio?

    As leis ambientais do Brasil foram criadas com a intenção de proteger o meio ambiente e reduzir ao mínimo as consequências de ações devastadoras. As leis são fiscalizadas por órgãos ambientais nacionais, estaduais ou municipais. Esses órgãos definem regulamentações e atos de infração em casos de não cumprimento da lei.

    A proteção ambiental é princípio expresso na Constituição Federal, que no seu art. 225, dispõe sobre o reconhecimento do direito a um meio ambiente sadio como uma extensão ao direito à vida, seja pelo aspecto da própria existência física e saúde dos seres humanos, seja quanto à dignidade desta existência, medida pela qualidade de vida. Este reconhecimento impõe ao Poder Público e à coletividade a responsabilidade pela proteção ambiental.

    Abaixo, explicamos um pouco sobre as principais Leis Ambientais do Brasil e seus objetivos:

    Lei 6.938/81 – Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente – PNMA

    A lei 6.938/81 dispõe sobre a Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente – PNMA e trás consigo diretrizes e instrumentos para preservação, melhoria e recuperação da qualidade ambiental. Alguns dos princípios e principais aspectos da PNMA são: a manutenção do equilíbrio ecológico; racionalização, planejamento e fiscalização do uso dos recursos ambientais; proteção dos ecossistemas; controle das atividades potencial poluidoras; entre outros.

    Lei 9.605/98 – Lei dos Crimes Ambientais

    A Lei 9.605/98 ou Lei dos Crimes Ambientais foi instituída em 12 de fevereiro de 1998 justamente para aplicar sanções penais e administrativas àqueles que praticam conduta ou atividades que lesem o meio ambiente. A Lei dos Crimes Ambientais tem como principal objetivo à reparação de danos ambientais, prevendo ações de prevenção e combate a esses danos. Na lei encontramos disposições sobre a aplicação da pena e os tipos de crimes ambientais. Além dos crimes ambientais causados aos elementos que compõem o ambiente: flora, fauna, recursos naturais e o patrimônio cultural, também são considerados crimes ambientais as condutas que ignoram normas ambientais, mesmo se essas condutas não tenham causado danos ao meio ambiente.

    Lei 12.605/10 – Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos

    A lei 12.605 foi sancionada em 02 de agosto de 2010 e é um importante instrumento que traz muitos benefícios, principalmente para as empresas. A Política Nacional de Resíduos Sólidos é uma lei que estabelece instrumentos e diretrizes para os setores públicos e as empresas.

    Em quais situações é necessário o licenciamento ambiental?

    Para dar início ao seu negócio de forma correta, é fundamental verificar se ele precisa de licenciamento ambiental para funcionar.

    A responsabilidade com o meio ambiente não é apenas um diferencial de mercado para o seu produto ou serviço, mas uma exigência para que você atue dentro da legalidade.

    O Licenciamento Ambiental é um procedimento pertinente a gestão da Política Nacional de Meio Ambiente que regula um empreendimento e seus impactos às condições ambientais de acordo com a sua localização, porte e tipo de atividades exercidas durante a operação.

    O licenciamento ambiental é um mecanismo poderoso para proporcionar o diálogo setorial, adotando posturas preventivas e pró-ativas com os diferentes usuários dos recursos naturais.

    Além de certificar que o estabelecimento está regularizado dentro das normas ambientais o Licenciamento Ambiental também alinha a operação à um consciente uso dos recursos naturais, assegurando a sustentabilidade dos ecossistemas.

    No Brasil, o Licenciamento Ambiental surgiu depois da criação da lei de Política Nacional do Meio Ambiente. O documento funciona como uma forma de garantir o controle das atividades humanas que podem vir a interferir no meio ambiente. Afinal, toda e qualquer atividade exercida pelo ser humano causa algum tipo de dano ambiental, em maior ou menor escala.

    Sendo assim, o Licenciamento ambiental é necessário quando o empreendimento for potencialmente poluidor ou degradante do meio ambiente, devendo ter um acompanhamento jurídico e técnico especializado para apresentar um projeto de qualidade ao órgão ambiental.

    Além da adequação às normas ambientais vigentes no país, o licenciamento ambiental garante que o negócio cumpra sua responsabilidade com a preservação e a manutenção dos recursos naturais, garantindo bem-estar e qualidade de vida a toda sociedade.

    Quando o negócio está com a licença regularizada, elimina o risco de multas e melhora seu desempenho ambiental.

    Em termos econômicos, isso pode significar redução de custos, além de aumentar a competitividade e dar possibilidade de obter crédito e linhas de financiamento.

    Conte com uma equipe experimente para garantir a regularidade do seu empreendimento e proporcionar segurança ao seu negócio.

    Quais são os quatro tipos de licenciamento ambiental?

    As licenças ambientais resultam do procedimento exigido previamente à instalação de atividades ou empreendimentos potencialmente poluidores, qual seja: o licenciamento ambiental. Sendo assim, as licenças ambientais existentes são:

    • licença prévia
    • licença de instalação
    • licença de operação

    A licença prévia destina-se à aprovação do projeto, envolvendo a localização e viabilidade e tem prazo máximo de 05 anos.

    A seguir, para dar continuidade ao empreendimento será necessária a licença de instalação, que autoriza sua instalação e eventuais edificações, nos termos do projeto previamente aprovado, tendo duração máxima de 06 anos.

    Por fim, a licença de operação é a última a ser concedida, desde que as condições estabelecidas nas licenças anteriores tenham sido cumpridas. Esta licença terá prazo mínimo de 04 anos e máximo de 10 anos.

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