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    Lei de falencias

    lei de falencias

    O que diz a Lei 11.101 05?

    A falência e a recuperação judicial são temas de grande relevância para o mundo empresarial, já que são as soluções jurídicas para empresas em dificuldades financeiras. Na falência, há o encerramento da empresa, com a liquidação dos ativos para pagamento do passivo, sendo este pago de acordo com as preferências legais. Já na recuperação judicial, através um reestruturamento legal do passivo da empresa, busca-se a manutenção da atividade empresarial. Com a nova Lei de Falência e Recuperação Judicial, algumas mudanças significativas foram introduzidas no regramento legal de tais institutos, almejando aprimorar e tornar mais eficiente ambos os procedimentos. A Lei de Falências é um conjunto de normas que regula a situação de empresas em dificuldades financeiras. Ela estabelece os procedimentos para a decretação da falência, a administração dos bens da empresa e a distribuição do patrimônio entre os credores. Além disso, a lei também prevê a possibilidade de recuperação judicial, que é um processo de reestruturação da empresa visando à sua continuidade. A aplicação da Lei de Falência envolve, portanto, diversos procedimentos, como a decretação da falência, a nomeação de um administrador judicial, a realização de assembleias de credores e a elaboração de um plano de recuperação. O objetivo desses procedimentos é garantir a preservação dos empregos e dos investimentos, além de assegurar o pagamento dos credores. A legislação brasileira sobre falência e recuperação judicial passou por diversas alterações ao longo do tempo. A primeira “lei” sobre o tema foi promulgada em 1945, o Decreto-Lei n. 7.661, e desde então, várias mudanças foram feitas para adequar a legislação à realidade econômica do país. Atualmente, as principais leis são a Lei n. 11.101/2005, que disciplina a Recuperação Judicial e a Extrajudicial, bem como a Falência, com as alterações e inovações trazidas pela Lei n. Lei 14.112/20. A Lei de Falência pode ser acionada tanto pelo devedor quanto pelos credores. O devedor pode requerer a recuperação judicial quando estiver em situação de insolvência, ou seja, quando não conseguir pagar suas dívidas. Já os credores podem requerer a falência também quando o devedor estiver em situação de insolvência e não tiver condições de pagar suas dívidas. A Lei 14.112/20 trouxe diversas mudanças para o processo de recuperação judicial, visando torná-lo mais eficiente e menos burocrático. Algumas das principais mudanças são: A falência é um procedimento legal pelo qual uma pessoa física ou jurídica incapaz de pagar suas dívidas pode buscar alívio das mesmas. O processo de falência é iniciado por uma petição apresentada pelo devedor (voluntária) ou pelos credores (involuntária) e pode resultar na liquidação dos ativos do devedor para pagar os credores ou na reorganização da dívida do devedor.

    O que diz a Lei 14112?

    A Lei nº 14.112, de 24 de dezembro de 2020 alterou as Leis nº 11.101, de 9 de fevereiro de 2005, 10.522, de 19 de julho de 2002, e 8.929, de 22 de agosto de 1994, para atualizar a legislação referente à recuperação judicial, à recuperação extrajudicial e à falência do empresário e da sociedade empresária.

    Quem pode falir Lei 11101?

    Insolvência civil

    O procedimento de insolvência civil é utilizado para declarar a situação em que o devedor, em regra pessoa física, mas também cabe para pessoas jurídicas não empresárias, possui mais dívidas do que bens ou capacidade de pagamento.

    A lei prevê duas espécies de insolvência:

    1. Real quando as dívidas excedem os bens, hipótese descrita no artigo 748;
    2. Presumida ou Ficta regida pelo artigo 750, quando o devedor não tem bens penhoráveis, não tem domicílio para ser cobrado, ou quando tenta se desfazer do patrimônio para que o mesmo não seja alcançado.

    Com a declaração da insolvência todos os bens passíveis de penhora do devedor são arrecadados, no intuito de pagar os credores.

    Falência

    Segundo o artigo 75 da lei 11.101/2005, falência é um processo que tem a finalidade de afastar o devedor de suas atividades no intuito de preservar bens, ativos, e recursos produtivos da empresa, para futuro pagamento de credores.

    O procedimento é regulado por lei específica, a Lei 11.101/2005, que comente é aplicado a empresários ou sociedades empresárias.

    O artigo 94 determina que a falência será decretada se o devedor não pagar na data do vencimento dívida acima de 40 salários mínimos sem justificativa relevante, que foi executado mas não pagou nem apresentou bens suficientes dentro do prazo, ou pratica atos no intuito de não deixar seu patrimônio ser atingido, descritos no inciso III do mencionado artigo.

    Com a decretação da falência o devedor fica inabilitado para exercer qualquer atividade comercial, perde o direito de administrar seus bens e fica obrigado a cumprir os deveres legais descritos no artigo 104.

    Não é possível declarar falência de pessoa física, todavia, para algumas pessoas jurídicas é possível a decretação de insolvência civil.

    Veja o que diz a lei:

    Código de Processo Civil (antigo) Lei no 5.869, de 11 de janeiro de 1973

    Art. 748. Dá-se a insolvência toda vez que as dívidas excederem à importância dos bens do devedor.

    Art. 749. Se o devedor for casado e o outro cônjuge, assumindo a responsabilidade por dívidas, não possuir bens próprios que bastem ao pagamento de todos os credores, poderá ser declarada, nos autos do mesmo processo, a insolvência de ambos.

    Art. 750. Presume-se a insolvência quando:

    • I – o devedor não possuir outros bens livres e desembaraçados para nomear à penhora;
    • II – forem arrestados bens do devedor, com fundamento no art. 813, I, II e III.

    Art. 751. A declaração de insolvência do devedor produz:

    • I – o vencimento antecipado das suas dívidas;
    • II – a arrecadação de todos os seus bens suscetíveis de penhora, quer os atuais, quer os adquiridos no curso do processo;
    • III – a execução por concurso universal dos seus credores.

    Art. 752. Declarada a insolvência, o devedor perde o direito de administrar os seus bens e de dispor deles, até a liquidação total da massa.

    Art. 753. A declaração de insolvência pode ser requerida:

    1. por qualquer credor quirografário;
    2. pelo devedor;
    3. pelo inventariante do espólio do devedor.

    Lei de Falê

    Qual Lei rege a recuperação judicial?

    O ministro destacou que as alterações promovidas na Lei de Falência e Recuperação Judicial (Lei 11.101/2005) pela Lei 14.112/2020 reforçaram o entendimento do STJ no sentido de que os atos de execução de créditos individuais promovidos contra empresas falidas ou em recuperação devem ser realizados apenas pelo juízo …

    Quais são as novidades introduzidas pela Lei 11.101 2005?

    50 da Lei 11.101/05 dois novos meios de recuperação da sociedade devedora, sendo eles a possibilidade de: (i) conversão da dívida em capital social (inciso XVII); e (ii) venda integral da sociedade devedora (inciso XVIII), desde que assegurado aos credores extraconcursais condições, no mínimo, equivalentes àquelas que …

    O que é a Lei 11.101 2005?

    Normas posteriores

    Declaração de Alteração PermanenteDeclaração de Alteração PermanenteDeclaração de Alteração PermanenteDeclaração de Alteração PermanenteDeclaração de Legislação CorrelataDeclaração de Ressalva Permanente da Norma no todoDeclaração de Alteração ProvisóriaDeclaração de Alteração PermanenteDeclaração de ConstitucionalidadeDeclaração de Constitucionalidade

    Alterações ou remissões por dispositivo

    • Art. 35, caput, Inciso 1, Alínea g [Lei nº 11.101 de 09/02/2005]
    • Art. 60-C, § 1 [Lei nº 11.101 de 09/02/2005]
    • Art. 60-C, § 2 [Lei nº 11.101 de 09/02/2005]
    • Art. 60-D, caput [Lei nº 11.101 de 09/02/2005]
    • Art. 60-D, Parágrafo Único [Lei nº 11.101 de 09/02/2005]
    • Art. 82-A [Lei nº 11.101 de 09/02/2005]

    Qual é o princípio basilar da Lei 11.101 2005 Quais são seus principais objetivos?

    Dessa forma, a Lei 11.101/2005 foi editada, tendo como princípios basilares a preservação da empresa, a proteção aos trabalhadores, e por fim os interesses dos credores. Neste contexto, o cerne da Recuperação vem transcrito no artigo 47 da Lei, que resume bem o bem jurídico tutelado: Art.

    Qual a ordem de pagamentos aos credores previstas na Lei 11.101 05?

    83 desta Lei. De acordo com o que dispõe o artigo acima mencionado, a ordem de classificação dos créditos assim dispõe: 1) credores trabalhistas; 2) créditos gravados com direito real de garantia, 3) créditos tributários, 4) créditos quirografários, 5) multas, 6) créditos subordinados e 7) os juros.

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