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    Como funciona ação de execução de título extrajudicial?

    Como funciona ação de execução de título extrajudicial?

    Como funciona o processo de execução de título extrajudicial?

    Já a execução extrajudicial é aquela iniciada por ato unilateral do credor. Nesse caso, não há necessidade do trânsito da sentença judicial. Basta um título extrajudicial que contenha uma obrigação líquida e certa, como uma nota promissória, um cheque ou uma duplicata.

    O que acontece se não pagar uma execução extrajudicial?

    Quando o devedor não tem como pagar? Quando o devedor não paga o débito, pode ocorrer: bloqueio na conta bancária, inscrição do nome nos órgãos de restrição ao crédito, restrição de circulação e transferência de veículo, penhora de bens de valor substancial e penhora de ações e quotas de sociedades empresárias.

    Quanto tempo demora uma execução de título extrajudicial?

    Uma vez que foi proposta a execução, com a petição inicial devidamente acompanhada do título executivo, o executado será citado para entregar a coisa no prazo de 10 (dez) dias; caso o devedor entregue a coisa no prazo estabelecido, o juiz proferirá sentença declarando extinto o processo de execução.

    Qual o prazo para pagar execução de título extrajudicial?

    Como funciona a ação de execução de título extrajudicial? Após distribuída a petição inicial, será o devedor intimado a pagar em até 3 dias, contado da citação.

    Como resolver uma execução de título extrajudicial?

    A execução de título extrajudicial é um tipo de ação judicial, ou seja, um processo, em que o credor cobra o devedor por dívida que não foi paga adequadamente. Essa dívida está representada em algum documento que é justamente o título extrajudicial. Portanto, a execução de título extrajudicial é nada mais do que a cobrança de uma dívida indicada em um documento, como, por exemplo, cheque, nota promissória, contrato etc.

    Importante ressaltar que para a ação de execução de título extrajudicial ser ajuizada, é necessário que a dívida esteja documentada, isto é, que exista um documento que contenha informações claras e precisas sobre esta dívida.

    Para dar início ao processo de execução, é necessário, primeiramente, possuir o título extrajudicial. Em segundo lugar, a dívida já deve estar vencida ou não paga integralmente, obviamente.

    A partir daí, o credor poderá ingressar com a ação de execução. Neste sentido, serão narrados através de uma petição, chamada de “petição inicial”, ao juiz, os fatos e, basicamente, são informados o valor da dívida, desde quando está vencida, o valor atualizado da dívida (deverá ser observado se existem juros, correção monetária e multa), quem é o devedor e seus dados (principalmente CPF e endereço).

    Assim que essa petição é recebida pelo juiz, se estiver tudo em ordem, ele mandará a citação do devedor para pagar a dívida no prazo de três dias. Convém mencionar que, como medida para motivar o devedor a pagar nesse prazo, será concedido um “desconto” referente ao valor dos honorários advocatícios, que serão reduzidos pela metade. O devedor também poderá apresentar defesa, no prazo de 15 (quinze) dias, caso discorde da cobrança, ou até mesmo do valor cobrado.

    Se o devedor não pagar a dívida, o processo continuará e o credor deverá escolher como a ação continuará. Isso porque, como a dívida não foi paga espontaneamente, o credor vai buscar meios de recebê-la através da penhora.

    A legislação menciona vários bens que estão sujeitos à penhora, o preferível é sempre o dinheiro (em espécie ou depositado em contas ou aplicações). Porém, também é comum a penhora de bens imóveis e veículos.

    Os títulos extrajudiciais estão previstos no artigo 784 do Código de Processo Civil. Trata-se de um rol taxativo extenso, porém, dentre os títulos mais comuns podemos destacar:

    • a nota promissória;
    • escritura pública;
    • contrato assinado pelo devedor e duas testemunhas;
    • contrato garantido por hipoteca, penhor, anticrese ou outro direito real de garantia e aquele garantido por caução;
    • o crédito, documentalmente comprovado, decorrente de aluguel de imóvel, bem como de encargos acessórios, tais como taxas e despesas de condomínio;
    • a certidão de dívida ativa da Fazenda Pública da União, dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios, correspondente aos créditos inscritos na forma da lei;
    • o contrato de seguro de vida, em caso de morte;
    • o instrumento de transação referendado pelo Ministério Público, pela Defensoria Pública.

    O que acontece se não pagar execução de título extrajudicial?

    Caso o devedor não cumpra espontaneamente a obrigação estabelecida no título extrajudicial, é possível realizar a penhora de bens de sua propriedade. A penhora consiste na constrição judicial dos bens do devedor, a fim de garantir a satisfação do crédito.

    Qual o procedimento da execução de título extrajudicial?

    O procedimento se inicia através de uma petição chamada de forma “genérica” de requerimento, conforme se deduz do CPC, art. 475-J, parágrafo 3º: “O exeqüente poderá, em seu requerimento, indicar desde logo os bens a serem penhorados”.

    Como se defender de uma execução de título extrajudicial?

    Previstos nos artigos 914 a 920 do Código de Processo Civil de 2015, os embargos à execução são o meio pelo qual, através de uma ação autônoma, o executado busca se defender da execução contra ele ajuizada.

    Para quem não está acostumado com termos jurídicos, a explicação pode não ser muito clara. Assim, para compreender os embargos à execução, primeiro é necessário saber do que se trata a execução no Processo Civil.

    A execução, embora tenha um nome assustador, nada mais é do que o modo pelo qual se satisfaz uma obrigação.

    Quando há um contrato entre duas partes, por exemplo, e a parte devedora se recusa a pagar o que deve ao credor, seus bens são executados para arcar com a sua dívida.

    Para que a dívida possa ser executada, o credor deve apresentar um título, uma prova de que a obrigação existe, e deve ser cumprida. O Código de Processo Civil prevê dois tipos de títulos: os títulos judiciais e os títulos extrajudiciais.

    Títulos judiciais são os que decorrem de alguma decisão judicial e são executados pelo cumprimento de sentença, dentro do próprio processo.

    Já os títulos extrajudiciais são os títulos que não se originam de decisão judicial, que serão executados pelo processo de execução. A lei define o que pode ser considerado um título extrajudicial, como será visto adiante neste artigo.

    Mas porque trazer essas informações e definições?

    Porque os embargos à execução são um método de defesa exclusivo do processo de execução.

    Assim, se alguém quer exercer seu direito ao contraditório em face de título judicial, deve recorrer à impugnação, que é a defesa cabível nos cumprimentos de sentença.

    Definido o que é a execução, como pode se dar e esclarecido que os embargos à execução só são aplicáveis nos processos de execução, passemos a uma explicação detalhada de como se dão os embargos à execução.

    Como dito anteriormente, os embargos à execução são uma ferramenta de defesa na execução de títulos extrajudiciais, que são os listados no artigo 784 do Novo CPC:

    Art. 784. São títulos executivos extrajudiciais:

    • I – a letra de câmbio, a nota promissória, a duplicata, a debênture e o cheque;
    • II – a escritura pública ou outro documento público assinado pelo devedor;
    • III – o documento particular assinado pelo devedor e por 2 (duas) testemunhas;
    • IV – o instrumento de transação referendado pelo Ministério Público, pela Defensoria Pública, pela Advocacia Pública, pelos advogados dos transatores ou por conciliador ou mediador credenciado por tribunal;
    • V – o contrato garantido por hipoteca, penhor, anticrese ou outro direito real de garantia e aquele garantido por caução;
    • VI – o contrato de seguro de vida em caso de morte;
    • VII – o crédito decorrente de foro e laudêmio;
    • VIII – o crédito, documentalmente comprovado, decorrente de aluguel de imóvel, bem como de encargos acessórios, tais como taxas e despesas de condomínio;
    • IX – a certidão de dívida ativa da Fazenda Pública da União, dos Estados, do Distrito Federal e dos Municípios, correspondente aos créditos inscritos na forma da lei;
    • X
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