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    Cobranca indevida

    cobranca indevida

    O que diz a lei sobre cobrança indevida?

    O Código de Defesa do Consumidor em seu artigo 42, proíbe que o consumidor que esteja devendo seja cobrado de forma abusiva, ou seja, de maneira que lhe cause algum tipo de constrangimento, ou por meio de ameaça.

    O artigo 71 do mesmo diploma legal vai além e tipifica como crime cobranças realizadas por meio de ameaça, coação, constrangimento, afirmações falsas incorretas ou enganosas ou de qualquer outro procedimento que exponha o consumidor a situação vexatória ou atrapalhe sua rotina de trabalho ou lazer.

    A pena prevista é de 3 meses a 1 ano de detenção e multa.

    Veja o que diz a Lei: Código de defesa do Consumidor – Lei nº 8.078, de 11 de setembro de 1990.

    Da Cobrança de Dívidas

    Art. 42. Na cobrança de débitos, o consumidor inadimplente não será exposto a ridículo, nem será submetido a qualquer tipo de constrangimento ou ameaça.

    Parágrafo único. O consumidor cobrado em quantia indevida tem direito à repetição do indébito, por valor igual ao dobro do que pagou em excesso, acrescido de correção monetária e juros legais, salvo hipótese de engano justificável.

    Art. 42-A. Em todos os documentos de cobrança de débitos apresentados ao consumidor, deverão constar o nome, o endereço e o número de inscrição no Cadastro de Pessoas Físicas – CPF ou no Cadastro Nacional de Pessoa Jurídica – CNPJ do fornecedor do produto ou serviço correspondente. (Incluído pela Lei nº 12.039, de 2009)

    Das Infrações Penais

    Art. 71. Utilizar, na cobrança de dívidas, de ameaça, coação, constrangimento físico ou moral, afirmações falsas incorretas ou enganosas ou de qualquer outro procedimento que exponha o consumidor, injustificadamente, a ridículo ou interfira com seu trabalho, descanso ou lazer:

    Pena Detenção de três meses a um ano e multa.

    Pode processar por cobrança indevida?

    A cobrança indevida é um tema de grande importância a ser discutido, pois afeta diretamente os consumidores e seus direitos. Quando uma pessoa é cobrada de forma injusta ou por um valor não devido, isso pode causar prejuízos financeiros, estresse e frustração.

    Falar sobre cobrança indevida é essencial para conscientizar as pessoas sobre seus direitos e como agir diante dessa situação. Através da informação e do conhecimento, os consumidores podem se proteger e tomar medidas adequadas para resolver o problema.

    Além disso, discutir a cobrança indevida também contribui para a conscientização das empresas e fornecedores, incentivando a adoção de práticas comerciais mais éticas e transparentes. Ao destacar esse assunto, podemos promover a responsabilidade e a prestação de contas por parte das empresas, visando a melhoria dos serviços prestados e a prevenção de abusos. Pensando nisso, os advogados do escritório Galvão & Silva Advocacia elaboraram este artigo.

    Uma cobrança indevida ocorre quando uma empresa ou fornecedor cobra do consumidor um valor que não é devido ou realiza uma cobrança de maneira injusta. Isso pode acontecer por diversos motivos, como erros de faturamento, inclusão de serviços não contratados, cobranças duplicadas e cobranças após o cancelamento de um serviço.

    Em termos gerais, uma cobrança é considerada indevida quando não está em conformidade com o contrato estabelecido entre as partes ou com as leis e regulamentações aplicáveis. É importante ressaltar que a cobrança indevida pode ocorrer tanto em produtos como em serviços.

    Além disso, é fundamental distinguir a cobrança indevida de situações em que há um desacordo legítimo entre o fornecedor e o consumidor sobre a prestação do serviço ou a qualidade do produto. Nesses casos, é recomendado buscar a negociação e a mediação para resolver a disputa.

    Em suma, uma cobrança é considerada indevida quando não está em conformidade com os termos contratuais ou quando viola os direitos do consumidor estabelecidos pelas leis de proteção ao consumidor. É importante que os consumidores estejam atentos às suas faturas, extratos ou recibos para identificar possíveis cobranças indevidas e tomar as medidas adequadas para contestá-las.

    Ligue e agende a sua consultoria com o Advogado Especialista. Em caso de cobrança indevida, o consumidor possui direitos específicos para proteger seus interesses. Primeiramente, o consumidor tem o direito de receber o reembolso integral do valor cobrado indevidamente, devendo a empresa restituir o montante de forma imediata e corrigida.

    Ademais, o consumidor tem o direito de exigir a correção de registros e informações incorretas relacionadas à cobrança indevida, incluindo a atualização de registros de crédito e o cancelamento de cobranças indevidas.

    Em casos em que a cobrança indevida cause danos morais, o consumidor tem o direito de buscar reparação por meio de indenização, tanto por via administrativa quanto judicial. Adicionalmente, o consumidor possui o direito de recebe.

    Qual o valor dos danos morais por cobrança indevida?

    O consumidor cobrado indevidamente tem direito a restituição em dobro dos valores descontados dos seus proventos mensais, nos termos do que dispõe o parágrafo único do artigo 42 do Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Assim decidiu a Primeira Câmara Especializada Cível do Tribunal de Justiça da Paraíba no julgamento da Apelação Cível nº 0803457-33.2022.8.15.0231, oriunda da 2ª Vara Mista da Comarca de Mamanguape.

    O caso envolve uma seguradora que foi condenada na Primeira Instância a devolver em dobro o valor descontado, bem como ao pagamento de indenização por danos morais no valor de R$ 2 mil. O valor da indenização foi majorado no julgamento do recurso para R$ 3 mil.

    “Em razão dos descontos indevidos em conta destinada ao recebimento de benefício previdenciário, o caso dos autos retrata a existência do dano moral puro, cuja prova cinge-se à existência do próprio ato ilícito, pois o dano moral puro atinge, fundamentalmente, bens incorpóreos, a exemplo da imagem, da honra, da privacidade, da autoestima, tornando extremamente difícil a prova da efetiva lesão”, afirmou o relator do processo, desembargador Leandro dos Santos.

    O relator acrescentou que caberia ao banco comprovar a veracidade e origem dos débitos, a teor do artigo 373, inciso II, do Código de Processo Civil, e do artigo 6º, inciso VIII, do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, fato que não aconteceu. “Isto porque, não juntou aos autos o contrato válido assinado pela parte autora, autorizando a cobrança de valor referente ao suposto seguro contratado, prova de fácil produção que não foi carreada aos autos”, pontuou.

    Da decisão cabe recurso.

    Quanto se ganha em um processo por cobrança indevida?

    Havendo cobrança indevida determina o parágrafo único do artigo 42 do CDC: ‘O consumidor cobrado em quantia indevida tem direito à repetição do indébito, por valor igual ao dobro do que pagou em excesso, acrescido de correção monetária e juros legais, salvo hipótese de engano justificável’.

    Como pedir danos morais por cobrança indevida?

    Procure resolver o problema de forma amigável, entrando em contato com a empresa credora que efetuou a cobrança. Deixe bem claro o não reconhecimento da dívida. Informe também que não aceitará que seu nome seja negativado sem justa causa.

    Quando cabe indenização por cobrança indevida?

    Vamos dar um exemplo para você entender melhor. Imagine que você tinha um plano completo de internet que incluía TV paga.

    Porém, depois de um ano utilizando o serviço, percebeu que quase nunca assistia à TV. Então, não valia a pena pagar o plano completo. Por isso, você entrou em contato com a operadora e pediu para cancelar a assinatura de televisão e resolveu ficar apenas com a internet.

    Porém, na fatura seguinte houve a cobrança do plano completo, o que caracteriza a cobrança indevida. Com isso, você decidiu não pagar a fatura, porque já havia cancelado o plano completo. E, ao tentar entrar em contato com a operadora, aparecia apenas uma voz gravada do robozinho e você não conseguia resolver o problema para emitir a fatura.

    Infelizmente, essa é uma situação bem comum. Como não conseguiu resolver o problema, você decidiu não apenas deixar de pagar a fatura, mas também cancelar com a operadora e contratar outra. Então, três meses depois você já havia até se esquecido da fatura antiga, quando recebeu uma notificação por e-mail de que seu nome seria negativado por causa dessa dívida.

    Com isso, você percebeu que teria que resolver a pendência antes que o nome entrasse na Serasa, mesmo sendo um caso de cobrança indevida.

    Para não ter problemas, você resolve pagar o valor total da fatura, ainda que não tenha utilizado o serviço de TV. Esse é um exemplo clássico de cobrança indevida. Nesse caso, saiba que a empresa que fez a cobrança de forma indevida precisa restituir o valor que você pagou. E, se o seu nome for negativado indevidamente, você pode inclusive buscar indenização.

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