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    Ação de indenização por danos morais contra banco por cobrança indevida

    Ação de indenização por danos morais contra banco por cobrança indevida

    Qual o valor de uma indenização por danos morais de uma cobrança indevida?

    Portanto, de modo geral, considera-se que o valor da indenização moral deve ser entre 1 e 50 salários mínimos.

    Qual o valor de uma indenização por danos morais contra banco?

    Pessoas que tiveram problemas ou prejuízos por causa de erros do banco têm conseguido na Justiça indenizações que vão de R$ 3.000 a R$ 10 mil. O sucesso da ação depende de o consumidor provar que a situação foi além de um simples aborrecimento —por isso, é importante saber como registrar provas da má prestação do serviço bancário.

    O valor das indenizações foi estimado por especialistas em direito do consumidor a partir de decisões recentes no estado de São Paulo. Segundo advogados que trabalham nessa área, demora em média de um a três anos para que a pessoa receba a indenização, caso o banco seja condenado.

    Um levantamento do Idec (Instituto Brasileiro de Defesa do Consumidor) com dados do Banco Central e do canal Consumidor.gov.br aponta que em 2020, pela primeira vez, as reclamações contra serviços financeiros superaram as de saúde (20,9%) e chegaram a 22,6% das queixas.

    Em 2019, a saúde tinha 23,8% das reclamações, enquanto os serviços financeiros ocupavam a segunda colocação com 18,5%. A inversão no “pódio” em 2020 ocorreu apesar do aumento dos valores de planos de saúde e da maior procura por esse serviço durante a pandemia.

    Entre as principais queixas registradas pelos consumidores, estão:

    • Cobrança por serviço/produto não contratado/não reconhecido/não solicitado
    • Oferta ou prestação de informação sobre crédito consignado de forma inadequada

    Em nota, a Febraban (Federação Brasileira de Bancos) afirmou que o volume de processos judiciais contra os bancos caiu 18% de 2019 para 2020, assim como o número de demandas recebidas pelos canais internos (redução de 14%).

    Empréstimos consignados são aqueles em que a parcela é cobrada diretamente da folha de pagamento, da aposentadoria ou da pensão. Essa modalidade tem juros mais baixas, e os clientes são frequentemente assediados para assumirem o empréstimo.

    Segundo a advogada Caroline Dinucci, quando há queixa relacionada a crédito consignado, a Justiça verifica se houve de fato o consentimento do consumidor. Em alguns casos, pode ser necessária uma perícia para conferir a autenticidade da assinatura no contrato de empréstimo.

    “Se o banco provar que prestou as informações, solicitou os documentos necessários e que o consumidor se serviu do dinheiro emprestado, o Judiciário não irá anular tal transação e dificilmente condenará o banco ao pagamento de danos morais”, afirma.

    Porém, se ficar comprovado que o cliente não autorizou o empréstimo, a Justiça costuma condenar o banco a pagar uma indenização por danos morais, de R$ 3.000 a R$ 10 mil.

    É importante lembrar que, por causa da anulação do contrato de empréstimo, o cliente terá que devolver à…

    Tem como processar o banco por cobrança indevida?

    Procure checar todo seu estórico com o banco, por exemplo vendo extratos anteriores de conta ou cartão de crédito. Uma vez tendo certeza que a dívida realmente não é devida, o consumidor pode processar o banco para fazer parar a cobrança e também exigir uma indenização, por exemplo danos morais.

    Como pedir danos morais por cobrança indevida?

    Procure resolver o problema de forma amigável, entrando em contato com a empresa credora que efetuou a cobrança. Deixe bem claro o não reconhecimento da dívida. Informe também que não aceitará que seu nome seja negativado sem justa causa.

    Qual a ação cabível para cobrança indevida?

    Na esfera tributária, o art. 165 do CTN indica o direito do sujeito passivo (contribuinte) de restituir total ou parcialmente um tributo cobrado ou pago indevidamente. No caso, a medida processual adequada é a ação de repetição do indébito (art. 38 da Lei 6.830/80).

    Qual o valor da indenização de danos morais por cobrança indevida?

    Portanto, de modo geral, considera-se que o valor da indenização moral deve ser entre 1 e 50 salários mínimos.

    Quando a cobrança indevida gera dano moral?

    Juiz do 1º Juizado Especial Cível de Brasília julgou improcedente ação de consumidora contra a empresa de telefonia Oi por causa de cobranças indevidas. A parte autora alegou que, embora tenha pagado uma fatura antiga em aberto e informado a operadora sobre a quitação do débito, a empresa continuou a fazer cobranças via ligações telefônicas, e-mails e SMS.

    A consumidora pretendia que a companhia telefônica lhe pagasse indenização por danos morais. Em sua defesa, a Oi alegou que não praticou nenhuma conduta que desse ensejo a obrigação de indenizar a requerente. O juiz analisou o caso sob o prisma do sistema jurídico autônomo instituído pelo Código de Defesa do Consumidor.

    Para o magistrado, embora o envio de cobranças indevidas ao consumidor seja um fato que traga aborrecimento, transtorno e desgosto, “sem outros desdobramentos, não tem o condão de ocasionar uma inquietação ou um desequilíbrio, que fuja da normalidade, a ponto de configurar uma lesão a qualquer direito da personalidade.”

    O juiz relembrou o acórdão 714279 da 1ª Turma Recursal dos Juizados Especiais do Distrito Federal, que julgou procedente recurso de empresa que pedia impugnação de uma condenação por danos morais em caso de cobrança indevida. “O fato narrado e comprovado nos autos não ultrapassa os limites dos meros dissabores do dia-a-dia, mormente ante a ausência de inclusão do nome da demandante nos cadastros dos Órgãos de Proteção ao Crédito”, diz um trecho do acórdão.

    Ao negar o pedido de indenização por danos morais, o magistrado também trouxe o ensinamento da jurisprudência pátria: “os meros aborrecimentos, percalços, frustrações e vicissitudes próprios da vida em sociedade não são passíveis de se qualificarem como ofensa aos atributos da personalidade, nem fatos geradores de dano moral, ainda que tenham causado na pessoa atingida pelo ocorrido uma certa dose de amargura, pois sua compensação não tem como objetivo amparar sensibilidades afloradas ou suscetibilidades exageradas”.

    Cabe recurso da decisão.

    PJe: 0726873-54.2015.8.07.0016

    Qual é o valor da indenização por cobrança indevida?

    O consumidor cobrado indevidamente tem direito a restituição em dobro dos valores descontados dos seus proventos mensais, nos termos do que dispõe o parágrafo único do artigo 42 do Código de Defesa do Consumidor. Assim decidiu a Primeira Câmara Especializada Cível do Tribunal de Justiça da Paraíba no julgamento da Apelação Cível nº 0803457-33.2022.8.15.0231, oriunda da 2ª Vara Mista da Comarca de Mamanguape.

    O caso envolve uma seguradora que foi condenada na Primeira Instância a devolver em dobro o valor descontado, bem como ao pagamento de indenização por danos morais no valor de R$ 2 mil. O valor da indenização foi majorado no julgamento do recurso para R$ 3 mil.

    “Em razão dos descontos indevidos em conta destinada ao recebimento de benefício previdenciário, o caso dos autos retrata a existência do dano moral puro, cuja prova cinge-se à existência do próprio ato ilícito, pois o dano moral puro atinge, fundamentalmente, bens incorpóreos, a exemplo da imagem, da honra, da privacidade, da autoestima, tornando extremamente difícil a prova da efetiva lesão”, afirmou o relator do processo, desembargador Leandro dos Santos.

    O relator acrescentou que caberia ao banco comprovar a veracidade e origem dos débitos, a teor do artigo 373, inciso II, do Código de Processo Civil, e do artigo 6º, inciso VIII, do Código de Defesa do Consumidor, fato que não aconteceu. “Isto porque, não juntou aos autos o contrato válido assinado pela parte autora, autorizando a cobrança de valor referente ao suposto seguro contratado, prova de fácil produção que não foi carreada aos autos”, pontuou.

    Da decisão cabe recurso.

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